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The NASA Mars Surveyor 2001 Lander was a planned Mars probe which was canceled in May 2000 in the wake of the failures of the Mars Climate Orbiter and Mars Polar Lander missions in late 1999. The Lander was a component of the ''Mars Surveyor 2001'' project, and its companion spacecraft Mars Surveyor 2001 Orbiter, renamed 2001 Mars Odyssey, was launched and went into orbit about Mars on October 24, 2001. The 2001 Surveyor lander spacecraft was built under contract to NASA by the Lockheed Martin corporation. The basic lander design is identical to that of the Mars Polar Lander, which had been intended to be the first of a series of low-cost "Mars Surveyor" landers sent to Mars. Prior to mission cancellation, cost overruns and technical problems caused the Lander design to be rescoped, and the planned large Athena rover was replaced by a small rover duplicating the ''Sojourner'' which was a part of the Mars Pathfinder mission. The Athena did later make it to Mars, however, with two such rovers making up the Mars Exploration Rover Mission of 2004. The second of these, MER-B ''Opportunity'', landed at Mars Surveyor 2001 Lander's target site, Meridiani Planum. The 2001 Surveyor lander was also intended to carry to Mars a test payload, MIP (Mars ISPP Precursor), that was to demonstrate manufacture of oxygen from the atmosphere of Mars,〔D. Kaplan ''et al.'', (THE MARS IN-SITU-PROPELLANT-PRODUCTION PRECURSOR (MIP) FLIGHT DEMONSTRATION ), paper presented at ''Mars 2001: Integrated Science in Preparation for Sample Return and Human Exploration'', Lunar and Planetary Institute, Oct. 2-4 1999, Houston, TX.〕 as well as test solar cell technologies and methods of mitigating the effect of Martian dust on the power systems.〔G. A. Landis, P. Jenkins, D. Scheiman, and C. Baraona, "(MATE and DART: An Instrument Package for Characterizing Solar Energy and Atmospheric Dust on Mars )", presented at ''Concepts and Approaches for Mars Exploration'', July 18–20, 2000 Houston, Texas.〕 The Mars Surveyor 2001 Lander itself was kept in storage and then used as the lander on the ''Phoenix'' mission; it is currently on Mars in the north polar region. The ''Phoenix'' lander has on board three instruments that were originally built for the Mars Surveyor 2001 Lander: * the Microscopy, Electrochemistry, and Conductivity Analyzer (MECA); * the never-used Mars Descent Imager (MARDI) camera; * the Robotic Arm, which was modified for the ''Phoenix'' mission. ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mars Surveyor 2001 Lander」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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